[upbeat music] - Hello, my name is Elisa Oviedo and this is my niece.
What's your name?
- Zoe.
- Zoe, how old are you?
- Five.
- That's awesome.
Okay, Zoe, so today I would like to talk about liquids, solids, and gases.
I'd like to talk about states of matter with you.
Before we begin, can I ask you a question?
- Yes.
- Where have you seen water before?
- At the pool!
- Yeah, at the pool.
I've seen water there too.
And look, I have some water here in my beaker.
Can I show you two other places I've seen water before?
- Yes.
- Take a look with me at my pictures.
What's this top one?
- [Zoe] Rain.
- [Elisa] Yes.
And what's this one here?
- [Zoe] It looks like a puddle but it's actually a pond.
- [Elisa] Yes, and both of these are examples of?
- [Zoe and Elisa] Liquids!
- [Elisa] Very good, Zoe.
So Zoe, did you know that water is actually a form of matter?
And that matter is anything that can be touched, tasted, or smelled.
- It's all around us.
- Yes, it's all around us.
Matter has volume, which just means it takes up space.
And in science, when we refer to states of matter, what we're actually talking about is the form that the matter is in.
As an example, we have solids and a solid has a consistent shape and a consistent size.
It does not change.
Then, we have liquids which take up a defined volume but do not have a defined shape.
And finally, there are gases which don't have a defined shape or size.
So, I would like to pour my water from my beaker into this container and observe what happens.
Watch as I pour this water into this new container.
What happened?
- It changed the shape.
Because liquid can change shape because it's called a liquid.
- Right, so what I heard you say is because a liquid does not have a defined shape, it just takes on the shape of whatever container we pour it into, right?
- Yeah.
- Okay, so, Zoe, I wanna challenge you a bit, okay?
Right now our water is in a liquid state, but I would like to change it into a solid state.
How can I do that?
- You can put it in an ice tray and then put it in the freezer, but you might have to be patient and wait.
Because when we put it in, especially when it's still a liquid, because liquid it takes a bit of a time before it can be solid.
So you might need to be patient.
- Hmm, so what I heard you say is that if we pour this water into an ice tray, which I happen to have right here, and we put this ice tray into the freezer, it's gonna turn into a solid?
- Yes.
- Why would it do that?
- Because it's too cold for the liquid to stay a liquid.
- Oh, so what I heard you say is that the temperature inside of the freezer is very cold?
- Yes.
- Yeah, and temperature is just the way that we measure how hot or how cold something is.
Can I ask you to do me a favor, Zoe?
Could you pour this water into the ice tray?
[upbeat music] Awesome, okay, Zoe.
So can we make a prediction?
What do you think will happen if we put this ice tray into the freezer?
- It will turn to a solid.
- It will turn into a solid.
Will it happen right away?
- No.
- No, what do we need to do?
We need to give it?
- Time.
- Time.
So after a little bit of time, we are gonna turn this water into a solid.
Would you like to go test your theory?
- Yes.
- All right, come with me.
Oh wow ,look at this, Zoe.
So do you remember the water we had at the table and we put it into the ice tray?
Well, some time has passed now and look what happened.
What happened?
- It turned into ice.
- Yeah, it turned into a solid, right?
Can I show you two other examples of solids?
- Yes.
Okay, take a look with me.
What's this first one?
- Ice, and we made it!
- [Elisa] Yeah, we just made ice.
And this second one?
- [Zoe] Snow.
- [Elisa] Snow, Zoe, and both of these are examples of?
- [Both] Solids!
- Very good, okay, so, Zoe, I have another challenge for you, are you ready?
- Yes.
- I would like to turn this solid into a gas.
How can I do that?
You can put it on the stove and heat it up really hot and it'll come out smoke and smoke is a type of gas.
- So what I heard you say was if we change the temperature, right, because in the freezer it was cold.
- And if you put it on the stove.
- It's gonna be what?
- It is hot.
- Hot, and what's gonna happen to the ice?
It's going to?
- Melt.
- It's going to melt, okay.
So I would love to take this from you, thank you so much.
And now, everyone, I'm going to move over to the stove and say thank you to our Zoe for just a moment.
So we are going to convert or change this solid into a gas.
And what Zoe told us was that if we put it over heat, the ice will melt.
Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone at home to please do this experiment with the assistance of an adult or caregiver, okay?
We also wanna make sure that we are using safety first.
So in this case, the pot is hot and I'm gonna need to use my oven mitts in order to handle the pot.
All right, so first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to place my ice cubes inside of the pot, just like that.
I'm going to put on my oven mitt and I'm going to turn on the stove.
Remember, please do this with the assistance of an adult.
[stove clicks on] All right, so just like how the ice, the water needed time to turn into ice, we need to allow some time for this ice to melt, okay?
When we return, we'll see what happens.
[upbeat music] Okay, so it's been a few minutes and what I am noticing is that the water is beginning to boil.
I wonder what will happen if we leave it on a few more minutes.
Hmm, let's wait and see.
[upbeat music] Okay, Zoe.
So now we're gonna check on our pot.
Again, I'm going to use protection to protect me against the heat from the pot.
I'm gonna turn off the stove, okay?
[stove clicks off] Do you notice anything coming up off the pot?
- Steam.
- Yes, so steam is a form of gas.
Zoe, did you know that?
- No.
Can I show you two more gases I've seen before?
Take a look at these with me, what's this one?
- Fog.
- [Elisa] Fog.
And sometimes you know, Zoe, I've seen fog on a very like cloudy day.
Sometimes it's very foggy outside, have you seen that?
- Yeah.
- And then this one, what's that one?
- [Zoe] We just made it, it's steam!
- [Elisa] Yeah, we just made steam.
And both of these are examples of?
- Gas!
- Gases, very good.
All right, so today, Zoe, we learned about the three states of matter.
We learned about solids, liquids, and gases.
And we also learned that matter is all around us.
Everything is made of matter.
Well, I wanna thank you, Zoe for your help with my science experiment today.
And I wanna thank our friends at home.
Until next time.
- [Both] Bye!
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